C, blast temperatures of 1250 1400 c, and furnace pressures of 3 5 kgcm2. Up to today, lining materials have been supplied to about 50 blast furnaces in italy and abroad always achieving excellent results and acquiring a solid reputation among the users. Dcarc, furnace, reverberatory, blast, copper, lead, slag, nickel laterite, chrome, magnesia. The furnace temperature is maintained at around 1200 to 1250 oc. As with the 2dmodel, the size and shape of the 3dmodel is.
More than 10 years, shengiron provide quality products and project services for our clients within the iron, steel and nonferrous industries. Blast furnace refractories blast furnace lining refactory. The hot blast system, incorporating either three or four hot blast stoves per blast furnace, is the other major refractory installation in the blast furnace complex. During the first lining of the blast furnace 2, the refractory brickwork was renewed and all. Each year, the company produces over 60,000 metric tons of refractory materials. Blast furnace bosh design and repairs page 1 of 15 b2045 1. From top to down a blast furnace is divided into throat, upper stack, middle stack, lower stack, belly, bosh, hearth and bottom.
The refractory materials and refractory bricks used in diffreent parts of blast furnace are as follows. Pdf the byproducts of coke dissolution in iron are primarily calcium aluminate minerals known as coke ash. The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce and convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. Our group of companies sees its mission in the providing of. Iron making solutions to extend blast furnace lifetime. Longer running times and shorter downtimes for new linings or repairs mean that specific solutions are required increasingly often for the refractory lining of blast furnace stacks and runner systems. Different part of blast furnace features different nature of refractory lining wearing. The period of the blast furnace operation is limited by the life of the furnace hearth life. A world class blast furnace operation demands the highest quality of raw materials, operation, and operators. Hotblast stove, apparatus for preheating air blown into a blast furnace, an important step in raising the efficiency of iron processing. Coke is the most important raw material fed into the blast furnace in terms of its effect on blast furnace operation and hot metal quality. A blast furnace is usually built with a steel case and bricks made of magnesium oxide or other refractory material inside the case.
Blast furnace has the advantages of large output, high productivity and low cost, which is unmatched by other ironmaking methods. Refractory systems iron and steel industry steulerkch. Provides a large variety of refractory products together with the best value which include blast furnace construction materials such as taphole brick, tuyere, linings for shaft, belly, bosh, bottom, and also consumable materials such as taphole clay, trough castable, and furthermore include refractory construction materials for hot stove. Analysis of blast furnace liningcooling systems using. A blast furnace is a vertical furnace used for iron making. By malik mubashir university of the punjab lahore, pakistan 2. Furnaces and refractories fusion dust and slag or by the action of alkalies on fireclay refractories, to form alkalialumina silicates. Application of carbon composite bricks for blast furnace hearth. Pelletizing a pellet plant contains a series of balling drums where the iron ore concentrate is formed into soft pellets, in much the same manner that one rolls a snowball, to make a pellet about the size of a marble between 14 and 12. All of these developments have helped result in lower iron costs, increased blast furnace campaign life and improved working conditions for operational and maintenance personnel. Technological changes in blast furnace iron making in india since last few decades article pdf available in international journal of science and research ijsr 212. Injection of coal and waste plastics in blast furnaces. Pdf technological changes in blast furnace iron making in. Forging furnaces use an open fireplace system and most of the heat is transmitted by radiation.
Dependence of zinc content on particle size compared to a dustcatcher the shape of a cyclone is much thinner and smaller. Owater channel isolated stave gets hotter oeventually furnace shell gets hot and cracks occur nonfixed connection stave moves. Blast furnace simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Placed inside the carbon lining the concept of the sg ceramic cup is an example where a specific advanced design and material quality render significant benefit to blast furnace operators in terms of lifetime extension and operational efficiency. The blast furnace body is a huge structure of 50m in height, 20m in width. Service property for refractory is the key effect on the life of blast furnace. Metallurgy and material science, fuel,furnace and refractory. With todays large blast furnaces, the main trend in hotblast stoves is toward high temperature and pressure ventilation with dome temperature around 1550. Generally, adopt high alumina bricks, fireclay bricks and common carbon brick to build blast furnace lining, which results the short furnace life. Allied mineral products, formerly riverside refractories, offers a variety of mixes including, gunning, pumping, and shotcrete, for the blast furnace. Torpedo ladles must ensure safe transport of the pig iron from the blast furnace to the steelworks.
Having over 80 years of experience in the iron and steel refractory product industry, our vast collection of blast furnace lining refractories are tailored to any application you may require. Best blast furnace refractory for sale in rongsheng manufacturer. Pramod kumar bhagat in partial fulfillment of the requirements for. Early deterioration of the bosh can influence the operations and potential future production levels.
Description of a blast furnace plant main parts of a blast furnace, description and function composition of a charge in the production of pig iron in a blast furnace agglomeration and pelletization of iron ores requirements to individual components of a blast furnace charge time for the study. Consider comprehensively the factors for damaging the furnace lining according to the work environment in glass furnace such as chemical corrosion, mechanical erosion. Today, fangyuan group ltd operates the largest carbon block production facility for blast furnace linings in china. High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin design for blast furnaces b. Therefore, selection of refractories for hot blast stoves depends primarily on their creep resistance properties, bulk. High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin design. Pdf blast furnace hearth refractory and coke ash interactions. Blast furnaces are used continuously and are only shut down when their brick lining needs replacing. The forging furnace is used for preheating billets and ingots to attain a forge temperature. The frequent maintenance is basically the effect of high corrosion and erosion of working lining castable. The iron ore concentrate is now mixed and ready for the pelletizing process. The main refractory lining of blast furnace hearth is composed by carbon. The refractory bricks are produced in the great many shapes required for the correct lining of each. The typical load is 5 to 6 ton with the furnace operating for 16 to 18 hours daily.
For those three parts, we should choose refractory materials with properties of thermal shock resistance, slag erosion resistance and erosion prevention. Refractory bricks used for different parts of blast furnace. High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin. Furthermore, because the power input is not limited by the.
Ofurnace dust enters between gasket and furnace shell and into compensators ocompensator fills with dust and locks stave movements oweld of pipe to stave body fails in fatigue owater leaks into furnace. The three dimensional model of heat transfer of cooling stave with refractory lining in a blast furnace are. One of the attributing factors for higher downtime of furnace is the frequent maintenance of trough refractory working lining. Design of blast furnace crucibles by means of the nodal wear model. The remaining refractory thickness assessment of hearth part in the blast furnace. In the steel industry, the blast furnace is a process for making molten iron by melting iron ore. During the operation of a blast furnace cyanides form in the furnace gases which during shortterm stoppages get into the hotblast tract and the. The surfaces of the refractory facing the combustion chamber of the furnace or. In the furnace hot metal, along with slag is processed from the raw material which gets collected in the hearth and blast furnace gases come out of blast furnace from the top. Preheated air was first used by james beaumont neilson in 1828 in glasgow, but not until 1860 did the englishman edward alfred cowper invent the first successful. The typical campaign life of a modern blast furnace is 15 to 20 years, depending on the cooling and refractory design as a whole and the hearth area in particular. Injection of coal and waste plastics in blast furnaces 5 commonly carried out, with only a few ironmaking plants in japan and europe currently injecting plastics. In order to protect that material from the pig iron, steulerkch provides lowiron, high temperatureresistant fireclay and andalusite grades for the ceramic cup of the blast furnace along with higractory sintered.
They have the advantage ofallowing the direct use offine feed materials. The dedicated team consists out of blast furnace technicians, metallurgists and ceramic engineers all having long experience in blast furnace technology and refractory applications. Blast furnace refractory lining campaining life starting of blast furnace to shutting down of blast furnace depend on the life of refractory lining which liesa between the inside working volume to that of outer steel sheel, which protects the steel sheel. For blast furnace whose volume is smaller than m3, we can use aluminum carbon brick. Extending blast furnace hearth life metec congress 2019. The furnace is cooled with water running inside part of the case and bricks.
Principles for blast furnace refractory lining inspection and. The first integrated system for injecting plastic wastes was at. Typical blast furnace internal hearth 3d geometry no refractory visible. The first attempts at wpi were made at the bremen steel works in 1994, with commercial injection starting a year later. In the furnace, hot metal along with slag is processed from the raw material which gets collected in the hearth and blast furnace gases come out of blast furnace from the top. One way how to intensify the process and reduce the production costs is the prolongation of the blast furnace campaign, which signi. We are present in over 100 main runners, we are plugging over 65 tap holes, and we have made around tens of blast furnace repairs over the. Any material expands when heat ed, and contracts when cooled. Traditional refractory materials for blast furnace hearth lining are mainly composed of carbon bricks and the ceramic cup. It should be operated not less than 15 years during one campaign. An emergency internal high temperature inspection of the dome was conducted the following day and.
A typical blast furnace may be up to 32 metres in height and 10 metres in diameter. How to choose refractory bricks used for different parts of. Application of refractory materials for furnace refractory materials for glass furnace. The primary aim for any blast furnace is to minimize the loss in production by reducing the downtime. Metallurgy and material science, fuel, furnace and refractory. As with the 2dmodel, the size and shape of the 3dmodel is modelled according to a real life blast furnace. Pramod kumar bhagat in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of master of technology degree in mechanical engineering with specialization in thermal engineering at the national institute of.
It was one of only a few blast furnace refractory suppliers appointed by the metallurgical department of china. As the mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone heats, the hot waste gases are collected and cleansed. Our engineers and application technicians will be glad to advise you in the selection of suitable refractory materials for your special areas of application. The bottom of the blast furnace, the hearth, is lined with multiple layers of carbon brick. They have thick steel sides, lined with refractory bricks, to ensure that heat is not lost. Pdf a study on castables refractories used in blast furnaces runners is. Hot blast stove, apparatus for preheating air blown into a blast furnace, an important step in raising the efficiency of iron processing. The remaining refractory thickness assessment of hearth part. Campaign life of furnca ehave increased from 5 yrs 1020ye and more these days. Summart the initial design of the blast furnace bosh is important as it will play an integral part in determining the condition of the bosh as the furnace campaign progresses.